History of The Australian Commonwealth Specialists' Catalogue
 

NEW GUINEA
(Formally German New Guinea)
1888 - 1949
Simplified Listing

Updated: 28 June 2022



Product List:  Details & Abbreviations

STAMP HISTORY
New Guinea (formally known as German New Guinea) was an Australian Territory between 1914 and 1949
1888 ..... Stamps of Germany used in German New Guinea.
1897 ..... Stamps of Germany overprinted "Deutsch- / Neu-Guinea" used.
1914 ..... Under Australian Occupation, stamps of Germany & Marshall Islands overprinted G.R.I.
1915 ..... Stamps of Australia overprinted "N. W. / PACIFIC / ISLANDS" were used.
1921 ..... The Mandated Territory of New Guinea established.
1925 ..... First Stamps inscribed "Territory of New Guinea" issued.
1942 ..... Under Japanese Occupation, both Japanese Stamps and New Guinea stamps (overprinted "大日本" plus an "Anchor" image) were used.
1945 ..... Following Japan's surrender, Australian Stamps were used. 
1949 ..... New Guinea and Papua were amalgamated to form Papua & New Guinea.
1952 ..... Stamps inscribed "Papua & New Guinea" now used.

1888  STAMP ISSUES
German Stamps used in New Guinea, Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
German Stamps: Inscribed "DEUTSCHE REICHS-POST" (Numeral & Eagle Series)
1888-1891
Product List
Stamp List
 1

3pf.  Green
2

5pf.  Mauve

3

10pf.  Red
4

20pf.  Blue
5

25pf.  Chestnut
6

50pf.  Olive

7

2m.  Mauve

Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??
1 -   3pf.  Green
2 -   5pf.  Mauve
3 - 10pf.  Red
4 - 20pf.  Blue
5 - 25pf.  Chestnut
6 - 50pf.  Olive
7 -   2m.  Mauve

1890  STAMP ISSUES
German Stamps used in New Guinea, Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
German Stamps: Inscribed "REICHSPOST" (Numeral & Eagle Series)
1890-1898
Product List
Stamp List
 1

3pf.  Brown
2

5pf.  Green

3

10pf.  Red
4

20pf.  Blue
5

25pf.  Orange
6

50pf.  Brown
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??
1 -   3pf.  Brown
2 -   5pf.  Green
3 - 10pf.  Red
4 - 20pf.  Blue
5 - 25pf.  Orange
6 - 50pf.  Brown

1897  STAMP ISSUES
Overprinted German Stamps used in New Guinea, Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
German Stamps: Inscribed "REICHSPOST" and Overprinted "Deutsch- / Neu-Guinea" (Eagle Series)
1897-1899
Product List
Stamp List
 1
stamp
3pf.  Brown
2
stamp
5pf.  Green
3
stamp
10pf. Red
4
stamp
20pf.  Blue
 5
stamp
25pf.  Orange
 6
stamp
50pf.  Chocolate
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??
1 -   3pf.  Brown
2 -   5pf.  Green
3 - 10pf.  Red
4 - 20pf.  Blue
5 - 25pf.  Orange
6 - 50pf.  Chocolate

1901  STAMP ISSUES
Germany's Deutsch-Neu-Guinea Stamps (with Australian overprints) used in New Guinea, Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
German Stamps: Inscribed "DEUTSCH-NEU-GUINEA" (Yacht Series)
1901-1914
Product List
Stamp List
1

3pf.  Brown
2

5pf.  Green
3 - 10pf.  Red
4 - 20pf.  Blue

5

25pf.  Black & Red/ yellow
6

30pf.  Black & Orange/ buff
7

40pf.  Black & Red
 8

50pf.  Black & Purple/ buff

10

1m.  Red
11

2m.  Blue
12

3m.  Black
13

5m.  Red & Black

Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??
  1 -   3pf.  Brown
  2 -   5pf.  Green
  3 - 10pf.  Red
  4 - 20pf.  Blue
  5 - 25pf.  Black & Red/ yellow
  6 - 30pf.  Black & Orange/ buff
  7 - 40pf.  Black & Red
  8 - 50pf.  Black & Purple/ buff
  9 - 80pf.  Black & Red/ rose
10 -   1m.  Red
11 -   2m.  Blue
12 -   3m.  Black
13 -   5m.  Red & Black


1914  STAMP ISSUES
Germany's Deutsch-Neu-Guinea Stamps (with Australian overprints) used in New Guinea, Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
Australian Occupation of German New Guinea: German Stamps with "G.R.I." Overprint
1914 - G.R.I. is an abbreviation of "Georgius Rex Imperator" (George, King, Emperor)
Product List
Stamp List
1 - 11
stamp
Typical Small Yacht Stamp
12 - 15
stamp
Typical Large Yacht Stamp
16 - 17
stamp
Typical Official Service Stamp

Gummed Stamps
Sheets of 20 (stamps #12 to #15). 
  1 -    1d. on  3pf. Brown
  2 -    1d. on  5pf. Green
  3 -    2d. on  10pf. Red
  4 -    2d. on  20pf. Blue
  5 - 2½d. on  10pf. Red
  6 - 2½d. on  20pf. Blue
  7 -    3d. on  25pf. Black & Red/ yellow
  8 -    3d. on  30pf. Black & Orange/ buff
  9 -    4d. on  40pf. Black & Red
10 -    5d. on  50pf. Black & Purple/ buff
11 -    8d. on  80pf. Black & Red/ rose
12 -     1s. on  1m. Red
13 -     2s. on  2m. Blue
14 -     3s. on  3m. Black
15 -     5s. on  5m. Red & Black
16 -     1d. on  3pf. Brown OS
17 -     1d. on  5pf. Green OS

Australian Occupation of German New Guinea: Marshall Island Stamps with "G.R.I." Overprints
1914
Product List
Stamp List
19 - 27
stamp
Typical Small Yacht Stamp
28 - 31
stamp
Typical Large Yacht Stamp
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of 20 (stamps #28 to #31).
18 -    1d. on  3pf. Brown
19 -    1d. on  5pf. Green
20 -    2d. on  10pf. Red
21 -    2d. on  20pf. Blue
22 -    3d. on  25pf. Black & Red/ yellow
23 -    3d. on  30pf. Black & Orange/ buff
24 -    4d. on  40pf. Black & Red
25 -    5d. on  50pf. Black & Purple/ buff
26 -    8d. on  80pf. Black & Red/ rose
27 -     1s. on  1m. Red
28 -     2s. on  2m. Blue
29 -     3s. on  3m. Black
30 -     5s. on  5m. Red & Black

1915  STAMP ISSUES
Germany's Marshall Island Stamps & Australian Stamps used in New Guinea Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
Australian Occupation of German New Guinea: Marshall Island "G.R.I." Stamps 1d. Surcharges
1915
Product List
Stamp List
1 - 2
stamp
Typical Small Yacht G.R.I. Stamp Surcharged 1d.
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??
1 - 1d. over  2d. on 10pf. Red
2 - 1d. over  2d. on 20pf. Blue
Australian Occupation of German New Guinea: KGV "N. W. Pacific Islands." Overprints
1915:  The overprint is in "8-point Brevier de Vinne" printers type, which uses two kinds of letter "S".
Product List
Stamp List
3
stamp
½d.  Green
4
stamp
1d.  Red
5
stamp
1d.  Violet
6
stamp
2d.  Orange

7
stamp
2d.  Red
8
stamp
4d.  Orange
9
stamp
4d.  Violet
10
stamp
4d.  Blue
11
stamp
5d.  Brown
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of 120.
  3 -  ½d.  Green
  4 -  1d.  Red
  5 -  1d.  Violet
  6 -  2d.  Orange
  7 -  2d.  Red
  8 -  4d.  Orange
  9 -  4d.  Violet
10 -  4d.  Blue
11 -  5d.  Brown
Australian Occupation of German New Guinea: Kangaroo "N. W. Pacific Islands." Overprints
1915:  The overprint is in "8-point Brevier de Vinne" printers type, which uses two kinds of letter "S".
Product List
Stamp List
12
stamp
2d.  Grey
13
stamp
2½d.  Blue
14
stamp
3d.  Olive
15
stamp
6d.  Blue
16
stamp
9d.  Violet

17
stamp
1s.  Emerald
18
stamp
2s.  Brown
19
stamp
5s.  Grey & Yellow
20
stamp
10s.  Grey & Pink
21
stamp
£1.  Brown & Blue
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of 120.
12 -    2d.  Grey
13 - 2½d.  Blue
14 -    3d.  Olive
15 -    6d.  Blue
16 -    9d.  Violet
17 -     1s.  Emerald
18 -     2s.  Brown
19 -     5s.  Grey & Yellow
20 -   10s.  Grey & Pink
21 -     £1.  Brown & Blue

1918  STAMP ISSUES
Australian Stamps used in New Guinea Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
North West Pacific Islands: Overprinted "One Penny"
1918
Product List
Stamp List
 1
stamp
1d. on  5d. Brown KGV Head
2
stamp
1d. on  1s. Green Kangaroo & Map
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of 120.
1 -  1d. on  5d. Brown KGV Head
2 -  1d. on  1s. Green Kangaroo & Map

1925  STAMP ISSUES
New Guinea Stamps Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
Native Village Huts Definitives: Issue 1 of 2
23 January 1925
Product List
Stamp List
  1
stamp
½d.  Orange
2
stamp
1d.  Green
3
stamp
2d.  Claret
 

4
stamp
3d.  Blue
5
stamp
4d.  Olive-Green
6
stamp
6d.  Brown-Ochre
7
stamp
9d.  Dull Purple/Violet
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of 30.
1 - ½d.  Orange
2 -  1d.  Green
3 -  2d.  Claret
4 -  3d.  Blue
5 -  4d.  Olive-Green
6 -  6d.  Brown-Ochre
7 -  9d.  Dull Purple/Violet
Native Village Huts Definitives: Issue 2 of 2
6 April 1925
Product List
Stamp List
    8
stamp
1s.  Dull Blue-Green
  9
stamp
2s.  Brown-Lake
 

10
stamp
5s.  Bistre
11
stamp
10s.  Dull Rose
12
stamp
£1.  Dull Olive-Green
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of 30.

  8 -   1s.  Dull Blue-Green
  9 -   2s.  Brown-Lake
10 -   5s.  Bistre
11 - 10s.  Dull Rose
12 -   £1.  Dull Olive-Green
Native Village Huts Definitives: Overprinted "O S"
6 April 1925
Product List
Stamp List
13
stamp
1d.  Green
14
stamp
2d.  Claret
15
stamp
3d.  Blue
16
stamp
4d.  Olive-Green

17
stamp
6d.  Bistre
18
stamp
9d.  Violet
19
stamp
1s.  Dull Blue-Green
20
stamp
2s.  Brown-Lake
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of 30.

13 - 1d.  Green
14 - 2d.  Claret
15 - 3d.  Blue
16 - 4d.  Olive-Green
17 - 6d.  Bistre
18 - 9d.  Violet
19 - 1s.  Dull Blue-Green
20 - 2s.  Brown-Lake

1926  STAMP ISSUES
New Guinea Stamps Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
Native Village Huts Definitives: New Value
1926
Product List
Stamp List
1
stamp
1½d.  Orange-Vermilion
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of 30.

1 - 1½d.  Orange-Vermilion

1927  STAMP ISSUES
New Guinea Stamps Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
Native Village Huts Definitives: Revised Colour
July 1927
Product List
Stamp List
1
stamp
6d.  Yellow-Brown
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of 30.

 1 - 6d.  Yellow-Brown


1931  STAMP ISSUES
New Guinea Stamps Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
Native Village Huts Definitives: New Value & Revised Colour Overprinted "O S"
April 1931
Product List
Stamp List
1
stamp
1½d.  Orange-Vermilion
2
stamp
6d.  Yellow-Brown
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of 30.

1 - 1½d.  Orange-Vermilion
2 -    6d.  Yellow-Brown
Native Village Huts Definitives: Overprinted "AIR MAIL" plus a Bi-plane image
8 June 1931
Product List
Stamp List
  3
stamp
½d.  Orange
4
stamp
1d.  Green
 

  5
stamp
1½d.  Orange-Vermilion
  6
stamp
2d.  Claret
  7
stamp
3d.  Blue
 

  8
stamp
4d.  Olive-Green
  9
stamp
6d.  Light Brown
  10
stamp
9d.  Violet
  11
stamp
1s.  Dull Blue-Green

12
stamp
2s.  Brown-Lake
13
stamp
5s.  Olive-Bistre
14
stamp
10s.  Bright Pink
15
stamp
£1.  Olive-Grey
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of 30.

  3 -   ½d.  Orange
  4 -    1d.  Green
  5 - 1½d.  Orange-Vermilion
  6 -    2d.  Claret
  7 -    3d.  Blue
  8 -    4d.  Olive-Green
  9 -    6d.  Light Brown
10 -    9d.  Violet
11 -    1s.  Dull Blue-Green
12 -    2s.  Brown-Lake
13 -    5s.  Olive-Bistre
14 -  10s.  Bright Pink
15 -    £1.  Olive-Grey
Bird of Paradise Definitives with Dates: 1921 - 1931
2 August 1931
Product List
Stamp List
16
stamp
1d.  Green
17
stamp
1½d.  Vermilion
18
stamp
2d.  Claret
19
stamp
3d.  Blue

20
stamp
4d.  Olive-Green
21
stamp
5d.  Deep Blue-Green
22
stamp
6d.  Bistre-Brown
23
stamp
9d.  Violet

24
stamp
1s.  Pale Blue-Green
25
stamp
2s.  Brown-Lake
26
stamp
5s.  Olive-Brown
27
stamp
10s.  Bright Pink
28
stamp
£1.  Olive-Grey
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??
16 -    1d.  Green
17 - 1½d.  Vermilion
18 -    2d.  Claret
19 -    3d.  Blue
20 -    4d.  Olive-Green
21 -    5d.  Deep Blue-Green
22 -    6d.  Bistre-Brown
23 -    9d.  Violet
24 -    1s.  Pale Blue-Green
25 -    2s.  Brown-Lake
26 -    5s.  Olive-Brown
27 -  10s.  Bright Pink
28 -    £1.  Olive-Grey
Bird of Paradise Definitives with Dates: Overprinted "O  S"
2 August 1931
Product List
Stamp List
29
stamp
1d.  Green
30
stamp
1½d.  Vermilion
31
stamp
2d.  Claret
32
stamp
3d.  Blue

33
stamp
4d.  Olive-Green
34
stamp
5d.  Deep Blue-Green
35
stamp
6d.  Bistre-Brown
36
stamp
9d.  Violet

37
stamp
1s.  Pale Blue-Green
38
stamp
2s.  Brown-Lake
39
stamp
5s.  Olive-Brown
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??

29 -    1d.  Green
30 - 1½d.  Vermilion
31 -    2d.  Claret
32 -    3d.  Blue
33 -    4d.  Olive-Green
34 -    5d.  Deep Blue-Green
35 -    6d.  Bistre-Brown
36 -    9d.  Violet
37 -    1s.  Pale Blue-Green
38 -    2s.  Brown-Lake
39 -    5s.  Olive-Brown
Bird of Paradise Definitives with Dates: Overprinted "AIR / MAIL" plus a Bi-plane image
2 August 1931
Product List
Stamp List
  40
stamp
½d.  Orange
41
stamp
1d.  Green
42
stamp
1½d.  Vermilion
43
stamp
2d.  Claret
 

44
stamp
3d.  Blue
45
stamp
4d.  Olive-Green
46
stamp
5d.  Deep Blue-Green
47
stamp
6d.  Bistre-Brown
48
stamp
9d.  Violet

49
stamp
1s.  Pale Blue-Green
50
stamp
2s.  Dull Lake
51
stamp
5s.  Olive-Brown
52
stamp
10s.  Bright Pink
53
stamp
£1.  Olive-Grey
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??

40 -   ½d.  Orange
41 -    1d.  Green
42 - 1½d.  Vermilion
43 -    2d.  Claret
44 -    3d.  Blue
45 -    4d.  Olive-Green
46 -    5d.  Deep Blue-Green
47 -    6d.  Bistre-Brown
48 -    9d.  Violet
49 -    1s.  Pale Blue-Green
50 -    2s.  Dull Lake
51 -    5s.  Olive-Brown
52 -  10s.  Bright Pink
53 -    £1.  Olive-Grey

1932  STAMP ISSUES
New Guinea Stamps Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
Bird of Paradise Definitives without Dates
30 June 1932
Product List
Stamp List
1
stamp
1d.  Green
2
stamp
1½d.  Claret
3
stamp
2d.  Vermilion
4
stamp
3d.  Blue

5
stamp
4d.  Olive-Green
6
stamp
5d.  Deep Blue-Green
7
stamp
6d.  Bistre-Brown
8
stamp
9d.  Violet

9
stamp
1s.  Blue-Green
10
stamp
2s.  Dull Lake
11
stamp
5s.  Olive
12
stamp
10s.  Pink
13
stamp
£1.  Olive-Grey
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??

  1 -    1d.  Green
  2 - 1½d.  Claret
  3 -    2d.  Vermilion
  4 -    3d.  Blue
  5 -    4d.  Olive-Green
  6 -    5d.  Deep Blue-Green
  7 -    6d.  Bistre-Brown
  8 -    9d.  Violet
  9 -    1s.  Blue-Green
10 -    2s.  Dull Lake
11 -    5s.  Olive
12 -  10s.  Pink
13 -    £1.  Olive-Grey
Bird of Paradise Definitives without Dates: Overprinted "O  S"
1932
Product List
Stamp List
14
stamp
1d.  Green
15
stamp
1½d.  Claret
16
stamp
2d.  Vermilion

17
stamp
3d.  Blue
18
stamp
4d.  Olive-Green
19
stamp
5d.  Deep Blue-Green
20
stamp
6d.  Bistre-Brown
21
stamp
9d.  Violet

22
stamp
1s.  Pale Blue-Green
23
stamp
2s.  Dull Lake
24
stamp
5s.  Olive-Brown
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??

14 -    1d.  Green
15 - 1½d.  Claret
16 -    2d.   Vermilion
17 -    3d.  Blue
18 -    4d.  Olive-Green
19 -    5d.  Deep Blue-Green
20 -    6d.  Bistre-Brown
21 -    9d.  Violet
22 -    1s.  Pale Blue-Green
23 -    2s.  Dull Lake
24 -    5s.  Olive-Brown
Bird of Paradise Definitives without Dates: Overprinted "AIR / MAIL" plus a Bi-plane image
1932
Product List
Stamp List
25
stamp
½d.  Orange
26
stamp
1d.  Green
27
stamp
1½d.  Claret
28
stamp
2d.  Vermilion

29
stamp
3d.  Blue
30
stamp
4d.  Olive-Green
31
stamp
5d.  Deep Blue-Green
32
stamp
6d.  Bistre-Brown
33
stamp
9d.  Violet

34
stamp
1s.  Pale Blue-Green
35
stamp
2s.  Dull Lake
36
stamp
5s.  Olive-Brown
37
stamp
10s.  Pink
38
stamp
£1.  Olive-Grey
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??

25 -   ½d.  Orange
26 -    1d.  Green
27 - 1½d.  Claret
28 -    2d.  Vermilion
29 -    3d.  Blue
30 -    4d.  Olive-Green
31 -    5d.  Deep Blue-Green
32 -    6d.  Bistre-Brown
33 -    9d.  Violet
34 -    1s.  Pale Blue-Green
35 -    2s.  Dull Lake
36 -    5s.  Olive-Brown
37 -  10s.  Pink
38 -    £1.  Olive-Grey

1934  STAMP ISSUES
New Guinea Stamps Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
Bird of Paradise Definitives without Dates: Additional Values
14 September 1934
Product List
Stamp List
1
stamp
2½d.  Green
2
stamp
3½d.  Aniline Carmine
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??

1 - 2½d.  Green
2 - 3½d.  Aniline Carmine
Bird of Paradise Definitives without Dates Additional Values: Overprinted "O  S"
14 September 1934
Product List
Stamp List
3
stamp
2½d.  Green
4
stamp
3½d.  Aniline Carmine
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??

3 - 2½d.  Green
4 - 3½d.  Aniline Carmine
Bird of Paradise Definitives without Dates Additional Values: Overprinted "AIR / MAIL" plus a Bi-plane image
14 September 1934
Product List
Stamp List
5
stamp
2½d.  Green
6
stamp
3½d.  Aniline Carmine
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??

5 - 2½d.  Green
6 - 3½d.  Aniline Carmine

1935  STAMP ISSUES
New Guinea Stamps Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
Airmail Postage Bulolo Goldfields: Issue 1 of 2
1 May 1935
Product List
Stamp List
1
stamp
£2.  Bright Violet
2
stamp
£5.  Emerald-Green
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??

1 - £2.  Bright Violet
2 - £5.  Emerald-Green
King George V Silver Jubilee: Bird of Paradise Overprinted "HIS MAJESTY'S JUBILEE. 1910 - 1935"
27 June 1935
Product List
Stamp List
3
stamp
1d.  Green
4
stamp
2d.  Vermilion
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??

3 - 1d.  Green
4 - 2d.  Vermilion

1937  STAMP ISSUES
New Guinea Stamps Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
Coronation of King George VI
18 May 1937
Product List
Stamp List
1
stamp
2d.  Scarlet
2
stamp
3d.  Blue
3
stamp
5d.  Green
4
stamp
 1s.  Purple
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??
1 - 2d.  Scarlet
2 - 3d.  Blue
3 - 5d.  Green
4 -  1s.  Purple

1939  STAMP ISSUES
New Guinea Stamps Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
Airmail Postage Bulolo Goldfields: Issue 2 of 2
1 March 1939
Product List
Stamp List
1
stamp
½d.  Orange
2
stamp
1d.  Green
3
stamp
1½d.  Claret

4
stamp
2d.  Vermilion
5
stamp
3d.  Blue
6
stamp
4d.  Yellow-Olive

7
stamp
5d.  Slate-Green
8
stamp
6d.  Bistre-Brown
9
stamp
9d.  Violet

10
stamp
1s.  Pale Blue-Green
11
stamp
2s.  Dull Lake
12
stamp
5s.  Olive-Brown

  13
stamp
10s.  Pink
14
stamp
£1.  Olive-Green
 
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??
  1 -   ½d.  Orange
  2 -    1d.  Green
  3 - 1½d.  Claret
  4 -    2d.  Vermilion
  5 -    3d.  Blue
  6 -    4d.  Yellow-Olive
  7 -    5d.  Slate-Green
  8 -    6d.  Bistre-Brown
  9 -    9d.  Violet
10 -    1s.  Pale Blue-Green
11 -    2s.  Dull Lake
12 -    5s.  Olive-Brown
13 -  10s.  Pink
14 -    £1.  Olive-Green

1942  STAMP ISSUES
Stamps used in New Guinea, Listed by Date of Issue and Numbered on a Yearly Basis
Japanese Occupation of New Guinea: Territory of New Guinea stamps Overprinted
1942-1944:  大日本 translates as "Greater Japan".
Product List
Stamp List
1
stamp
Typical Japanese Overprint
Gummed Stamps
Sheets of ??

1 - Typical Japanese Overprint

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